Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux
Server should be started at runlevel 3 or runlevel
5
Server display cards provide atleast 1024 x 768 display resolution
Server should be connected to network
At least 6.9 GB disk space for an
oracle grid infrastructure for a standalone server installation
At least 1 GB
RAM for oracle database installation
At least 4 GB of RAM for Oracle Grid
Infrastructure for a standalone server
At least 1 GB allocated for /tmp
Operating system checklist for Oracle Database Installation on Linux
Ensure that OpenSSH is installed on your servers
Configure a yum repository from the Oracle public yum site, and then
install the oracle Preinstallation RPM
yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget
http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
The following package must be installed
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
libx package must be installed
Minimum Kernel Parameter
|
Parameter |
Value |
File |
|
semmsl
semmns
semopm
semmni |
250
32000
100
128 |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
|
shmall |
40 percent of the size of physical memory in pages
Note: If the server supports multiple databases, or uses a large SGA,
then set this parameter to a value that is equal to the total amount of
shared memory, in 4K pages, that the system can use at one time. |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
|
shmmax |
Half the size of physical memory in bytes refer Note 567506.1 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
|
shmmni |
4096 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
|
panic_on_oops |
1 |
/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops |
|
file-max |
6815744 |
/proc/sys/fs/file-max |
|
aio-max-nr |
1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be
set to avoid I/O subsystem failures. |
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
|
iplocal_port_range |
Minimum: 9000
Maximum: 65500 |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
|
rmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
|
rmem_max |
4194304 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
|
wmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
|
wmem_max |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values
|
semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order
listed. |
|
shmall, shmmax, and shmmni |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
This command displays the details of the shared memory segment sizes. |
|
file-max |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
This command displays the maximum number of file handles. |
|
ip_local_port_range |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
This command displays a range of port numbers. |
|
rmem_default |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default |
|
rmem_max |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max |
|
wmem_default |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default |
|
wmem_max |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max |
|
aio-max-nr |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max-nr |
Configuring Users,Groups and Environments for Oracle Database
Assign oracle:dba to disk for ASM disk
asmdba / dba are same as
oracle documentation
To determine if oracle
owner software user named oracle or grid exist
# id oracle
If the oracle user exists, then the
output from this command is similar to the following:
uid=54321(oracle)
gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54322(dba),54323(oper)
Create oper group
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54323 oper
Creating the OSBACKUPDBA Group for Database
Installations
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54324 backupdba
Creating the OSDGDBA
Group for Database Installations
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54325 dgdba
Creating the OSKMDBA
Group for Database Installations
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54326 kmdba
Creating the OSDBA Group
for Oracle Automatic Storage Management
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54327 asmdba
Creating the OSOPER Group
for Oracle Automatic Storage Management
# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54328 asmoper
Creating the OSASM
Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management
#
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
Modfiy existing user
# /usr/sbin/usermod -g
oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba[,oper] oracle
Checking resource limits for Oracle software installation users
Table 5-1 Installation
Owner Resource Limit Recommended Ranges
|
Resource Shell Limit |
Resource |
Soft Limit |
Hard Limit |
|
Open file descriptors |
nofile |
at least 1024 |
at least 65536 |
|
Number of processes available to a single user |
nproc |
at least 2047 |
at least 16384 |
|
Size of the stack segment of the process |
stack |
at least 10240 KB |
at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB |
|
Maximum Locked Memory Limit |
memlock |
at least 90 percent of the current RAM when HugePages memory is enabled
and at least 3145728 KB (3 GB) when HugePages memory is disabled |
at least 90 percent of the current RAM when HugePages memory is enabled
and at least 3145728 KB (3 GB) when HugePages memory is disabled |
Log in as an installation owner.
Check the soft and hard limits for the file descriptor setting. Ensure that the
result is in the recommended range, for example:
$ ulimit –Sn
1024
$ ulimit –Hn
65536
Check the
soft and hard limits for the number of processes available to a user. Ensure
that the result is in the recommended range, for example:
$ ulimit –Su
2047
$ ulimit –Hu
16384
Check the
soft limit for the stack setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended
range, for example:
$ ulimit –Ss
10240
$ ulimit –Hs
32768
Repeat this
procedure for each Oracle software installation owner.
Optional
To ensure that X11 forwarding does not cause the installation to fail, create a
user-level SSH client configuration file for the Oracle software owner user, as
follows:
-
Using any text editor,
edit or create the software installation owner's ~/.ssh/config file.
-
Ensure that the ForwardX11 attribute
in the ~/.ssh/config file is set to no. For example:
-
3.
Host * ForwardX11 no
-
Ensure that the
permissions on the ~/.ssh are secured to the oracle or grid user.
For example:
-
5.
$ ls -al .ssh
-
6.
total 28
-
7.
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 21 2012
-
8.
drwx------ 19 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 21 2012
-
9.
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1202 Jun 21 2012 authorized_keys
-
10.-rwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 668 Jun 21 2012 id_dsa
-
11.-rwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 601 Jun 21 2012 id_dsa.pub
-
-rwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 1610 Jun 21 2012 known_hosts
Configuring Oracle Software Owner Environment
Set the default file mode creation
mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.
Set the DISPLAY environment
variable.
Putting in .bash_profile
Umask 022
$ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
$ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
$ export TMP TMPDIR
Server Environment Configuration Checklist for Oracle Database Installation
/u01/app/oracle is
an Oracle base directory created by the oracle user
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1 indicates
the Oracle home directory for the first installation of Oracle Database on this
system.
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/grid
Oracle home directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c for a standalone
server, for useroracle
Checking Shared Memory File System Mount on Linux
/dev/shm mount
area is of type tmpfs and
is mounted with the following options
With rw and execute permissions set on it
With noexec or nosuid not
set on it
Use the following procedure to check the shared memory file system:
$ more /etc/fstab |grep
"tmpfs"
If necessary, change the mount settings. For example, log in as root,
open the /etc/fstab file with a text editor, and modify the tmpfs line:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs
rw,exec 0 0
Disabling Transparent HugePages
Transparent HugePages memory is enabled by default with Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6,
To check if Transparent HugePages is enabled run one of the following commands
as the root user
Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernels:
# cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled
Other
kernels:
# cat
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
The following is a sample output that shows Transparent HugePages is being used
as the [always] flag is enabled.
[always] never
To disable Transparent HugePages perform the following steps:
Add the following entry to the kernel boot line in the/etc/grub.conf file:
2.
transparent_hugepage=never
For Ex
title Oracle Linux Server
(2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64)
root
(hd0,0)
kernel
/vmlinuz-2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64 ro root=LABEL=/
transparent_hugepage=never
initrd
/initramfs-2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64.img
Restart the system to make the changes permanent
Create the following directory
/u01/app/oraInventory
Oracle base directory
Oracle home directory
Identifying an existing Oracle base directory
cat
/u01/app/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
Oracle directory should have
minimum of 6 GB space
Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories
in the mount point directory
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
# chmod -R 775
/u01/app/oracle
Setting Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/pre_install.htm#LADBI7641
For best performance for Oracle ASM, Oracle recommends that you use the Deadline
I/O Scheduler.
Enter the following command to ensure that the Deadline disk I/O scheduler is
configured for use:
# echo deadline >
/sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler
Database Storage Options
12c database can be installed using ASM no file system allowed
Prior to 11gR1
ASM use to come as a part of database binaries
After 11gR2 and later it is
coming as part of grid
Run CVU and Download and Install the ORAchk Health Check Tool
Downloading and Installing theORAchk Health Check Tool
Download and install the ORAchk utility to perform proactive heath checks for
the Oracle software stack.
For information about downloading, configuring and running ORAchk utility, refer
to My Oracle Support not
1268927.1
ORAchk is not supported on IBM: Linux on System z.
Configuring New or Upgraded Databases
You must run the utlrp.sql script after creating or upgrading a database. This script
recompiles all PL/SQL modules that are in an invalid state, including packages,
procedures, and types. You must run the utlrp.sql script immediately following the installation and not at a later
date.
1.
Switch the user to oracle.
2.
Use the oraenv or coraenv script to set the
environment for the database where you want to run the utlrp.sqlscript:
·
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
·
$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
·
C shell:
·
% source /usr/local/bin/coraenv
When prompted, provide the SID for the database.
-
Start SQL*Plus, as follows:
4.
$ sqlplus / AS SYSDBA
-
Start the database in restricted mode and run theutlrp.sql script:
6.
SQL> STARTUP RESTRICT
SQL> $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
Checking NFS Buffer Size Parameters
fs_server:/vol/DATA/oradata /home/oracle/netapp nfs\
rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,actimeo=0,vers=3,timeo=600
Refer Note 359515.1
Setting TCP Network Protocol Buffer for Direct NFS Client
To check the current TCP
buffer size, enter the following command:
# sysctl -a |grep -e
net.ipv4.tcp_[rw]mem
The output of this command is similar to the following:
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096
87380 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096
16384 1048576
Oracle recommends that you set the value based on the link speed of your
servers. For example, perform the following steps:
As root, use a text editor to open /etc/sysctl.conf,
and add or change to the following:
# net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096
87380 4194304
# net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384
4194304
Restart the network:
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
Use the following SQL*Plus views for managing Direct NFS Client in a single
instance environment:
-
v$dnfs_servers: Shows a table of
servers accessed using Direct NFS Client.
-
v$dnfs_files: Shows a table of
files currently open using Direct NFS Client.
-
v$dnfs_channels: Shows a table of
open network paths (or channels) to servers for which Direct NFS Client is
providing files
-
v$dnfs_stats: Shows a table of
performance statistics for Direct NFS Client
By default, Direct NFS Client is installed in a disabled state with single
instance Oracle Database installations. To enable Direct NFS Client, complete
the following steps:
Change the directory to$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib.
Enter the following command:
make -f ins_rdbms.mk dnfs_on
Disabling Direct NFS Client
Log in as the Oracle software installation owner, and disable Direct NFS Client
using the following commands:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
make
-f ins_rdbms.mk dnfs_off
Remove the oranfstab file.
Enabling HCC on Direct NFS Client
To enable Hybrid Columnar Compression (HCC) on Direct NFS Client,
perform the following steps:
1.
Ensure that SNMP is enabled on the ZFS storage server. For example:
2.
$ snmpget -v1 -c public
server_name .1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.225.1.4.2.0
3.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.42.2.225.1.4.2.0 = STRING: "Sun Storage 7410"
4.
If SNMP is enabled on an interface other than the NFS server, then configure oranfstab using the managementparameter.
5.
If SNMP is configured using a community string other thanpublic,
then configure oranfstab file using thecommunity parameter.
6.
Ensure that libnetsnmp.so is installed by checking
ifsnmpget is available.
Different file location on oracle server
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/appendix_ofa.htm#LADBI7921
Install ssh package
rpm -qa | grep ssh
To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command:
# grep MemTotal
/proc/meminfo
To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:
# grep SwapTotal
/proc/meminfo
To determine the amount of space available in the /tmpdirectory, enter the
following command:
#df -h /tmp
To
determine the amount of free RAM and disk swap space on the system, enter the
following command:
Free
For enterprise edition minimum of 6.4 GB size is required
Server Memory Minimum Requirements
Ensure that your system meets the following memory requirements:
Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more
Table 4-3 describes the relationship between
the installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation:
Table 4-3 Swap Space Requirement for Linux
|
RAM |
Swap Space |
|
Between 1 GB and 2 GB |
1.5 times the size of the RAM |
|
Between 2 GB and 16 GB |
Equal to the size of the RAM |
|
More than 16 GB |
16 GB |
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/pre_install.htm#LADBI7505
For Red Hat Enterprise Linux
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/pre_install.htm#LADBI8033
Using Oracle RPM Checker on IBM: Linux on System z
Use the Oracle RPM Checker utility to verify that you have the
required Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE packages installed on the operating
system before you start the Oracle Database or Oracle Grid Infrastructure
installation.
# rpm -ivh
ora-val-rpm-EL6-DB-12.1.0.1-1.s390x.rpm
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the utility checks and also installs
all required RPMs. For example:
yum install
ora-val-rpm-EL6-DB-12.1.0.1-1.s390x.rpm
Installing the cvuqdisk RPM for Linux
If you do not use an Oracle Preinstallation RPM, then you must
install thecvuqdisk RPM. Without cvuqdisk, the Cluster Verification Utility
cannot find shared disks, and you receive a "Package cvuqdisk not installed"
error when you run the Cluster Verification Utility. Use thecvuqdisk RPM for
your hardware (for example, x86_64, or i386).
To install the cvuqdisk RPM, complete the following procedure:
Locate the cvuqdisk RPM package, which is in the directory rpm on
the Oracle Database installation media. If you installed Oracle Grid
Infrastructure, then it is in the directory oracle_home1/cv/rpm.
Log in as root.
Use the following command to find if you have an existing version
of the cvuqdisk package:
4. # rpm -qi cvuqdisk
If you have an existing version, then enter the following command
to deinstall the existing version:
# rpm -e cvuqdisk
Set the environment variable CVUQDISK_GRP to point to the group
that owns cvuqdisk, typically oinstall, for example:
6. # CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP
In the directory where you have saved the cvuqdisk RPM, use the
following command to install the cvuqdiskpackage:
7.
rpm -iv
package
For example:
# rpm -iv cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Setting the mask to 022 ensures that the user performing the software
installation creates files with 644 permissions.
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54325 dgdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328
asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g
54321 dba
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
/usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G
dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,oper oracle
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